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Spiro Mound
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Spiro Mound Artifact Database

Shell Page

Click here to see enlargement

Photograph provided by Dr. Robert E. Bell

Shell 1*

Figure 96: Engraved shell gorget

A rare complete shell gorget with two suspension holes. This piece was in the Harry T. Bell collection of Marion, Ohio, until 1956 when the collection was sold to Earl Townsend, Jr. of Indianapolis, Indiana. A line drawing of the design is shown in Hamilton (1952), Plate 88c where it is described as a two-headed human effigy, 4 3/4” in height. Hamilton said this gorget appears to represent a single individual with two bodies from the waist up. Phillips and Brown (1984,Pl.132) show a rubbing of the piece as well as a line drawing of the design. They include it with what they call “paired figure” gorgets, although stating that this example is unique. 

Dr. Bell pointed out that the figures are actually mirror images of each other. The figure is wearing a large, almost skirt-like breechcloth decorated with diagonal lines in a triangular pattern at the top. In the center the breechcloth is decorated with three dotted circles. Below that are what could represent the slits in a fringe pattern with six vertical pairs of beads decorating the “fringe”. At either side are the mirror image legs going upward to the knee and then downward to the moccasined foot, which is in a dancing pose. The legs are banded below the knee. Above the waist, a central shaft separates the two torsos with two dotted circles connected by diagonal strips going from upper right to lower left, like striping on a barber pole. The mirror image bodies are decorated with a wavy serpent-like design on the center of the torso up to the neck. The mirror image heads have headdresses and forelocks and are looking inward, facing each other in the “mirror”. The mirror image heads each wear an earspool and has a face design of two parallel lines from the bridge of the nose to the earspool. Each of the mirror image bodies shows one arm and hand going downward from the shoulder and bending upward at the elbow with an open hand pointing upward as if in greeting or waving at itself in the “mirror”. The wrists are banded in the same pattern as found on the bands on the legs. There is some deterioration on the edges but four encircling lines remain. Dr. Bell states this piece was found in May 1935.

What is the significance of this piece? What does it represent? It is interesting to speculate. Is it a single individual split at the waist as described by Hamilton(1952); as if representing Siamese Twins? Does it represent a transformation from one individual to two by some spiritual cloning process? Or is it just one individual looking at himself in a mirror.

 It is a sophisticated piece of artwork to be sure. Phillips and Brown (1984) go into a more detailed discussion of some artistic possibilities. They list it as being in the collection of the Museum of the American Indian. 

* Caption is taken from a black and white photo in The Spiro Mound: A Photo Essay
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Spiro Mound Artifact Database

Arrowpoints.....Beads.....Blades/Knives.....Copper.....Maces/Axes.....Miscellaneous.....Shell